What do we know about the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of History teachers A review of empirical research

PCK is seen as the knowledge that is needed for the transformation of content knowledge to pedagogical products and teaching strategies for specific students. To explore research on history teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) in secondary education, 34 empirical studies, published between 1987 and 2015, are systematically reviewed. The conceptualization and operationalization of PCK and sources for PCK development are analysed. Results show that most studies use qualitative methods with small sample sizes. Research often lacks a systematic definition of PCK. Most of the analyzed articles discuss the PCK about disciplinary strategies and focus on knowledge of instructional strategies. PCK of novice history teachers appears to be influenced by other sources than the PCK of experienced teachers. We conclude by suggesting further research and possibilities for teacher training.