Outgroup prejudice in Western Europe
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| Publication date | 1997 |
| Journal | European Review of Social Psychology |
| Volume | Issue number | 8 |
| Pages (from-to) | 241-273 |
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| Abstract |
Outgroup prejudice has been a major area for social psychological applications. Yet European social psychology has not widely studied prejudice against the continent's new minorities. These groups provide a useful comparison with which to test generalization concerning prejudice derived largely on African Americans. The authors advance 2 interrelated hypothesis: (1) the universality hypothesis predicts that social psychological factors operate in similar ways across nations and target groups though the macro-contexts vary widely; and (2) the mediation hypothesis predicts that key social psychological predictors of prejudice serve a critical mediators of the effects on prejudice of social factors. The authors tested these hypotheses and more specific phenomena with analyses of the data from the 1988 Euro-Barometer 30 survey with 4,045 adults from France, the UK, the Netherlands, and West Germany. 964 responses to the American National Election Survey were used for comparison purposes. The authors found considerable support for both hypotheses. There were remarkable consistencies, with some distinctive feature, in prejudice phenomena that operate across nations and outgroups. The authors highlight the comparable operation of psychological processes acting as proximal causes of prejudice and mediators for social factors operating as distal causes.66600120520012001In defense of the subtle prejudice concept: A retort.001731313299309uva/uba/fmg/psych149542Pettigrew;;T.F.;;1001890;1;01;25002200;25001000;;02;01;01-05-1980Responds to Coenders et al (see record 2001-06995-005) experiment replication and comments on the article by T. F. Pettigrew and R. W. Meertens' (see record 1995-28884-001) which investigated blatant and subtle intergroup prejudice. Coenders et al produced a different analysis of prejudice from the current authors. The authors see no reason to withdraw their claims for both the concept and measurement of subtle prejudice. 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The measure investigated Ss' smoking attitudes and behavior and the effects of peer pressure on both. Results show that smokers (anyone who had smoked at all within the previous week) held less negative attitudes about smoking, were more likely to have a father who smoked, and anticipated less parental disapproval of their smoking. When asked to name their 5 best friends among their classmates, smokers were more likely to name other smokers than were nonsmokers. On the basis of these results, it is argued that the notion of "peer group influence" should be reconceptualized in terms of intergroup processes and social identity concerns within the peer group.66740120519731973The reflexive influence of the feedback of reaction time, expectancy wave (CNV) and heart-frequency: Specific and nonspecific effects.111624286369388uva/uba/fmg/psych123316Godaert;;G.;;Hechten;van;H.;;Driehuis;;H.J.;;1001525;1;01;94004000;;;01;01;01-02-1987Studied the influence of feedback on the attending processes. Ss were 36 16-31 yr old male candidates for the air service. The effects of the feedback were varying length of the reaction time (RT), the "contingent negative variation" (CNV), and the variation in heart frequency. The CNV, measured by EEG, indicated the reaction during the preparatory interval between the warning signal and the reaction signal or button-pressing. The CNV was characterized by the rapid ascent of the EEG during the preparatory interval and a rapid reduction succeeding the reaction signal. A strong deceleration in heart frequency was associated with a strong CNV amplitude and a short RT. The conditions were no feedback, random feedback, and constant feedback. With random or constant feedback the CNV rose but fell with no feedback. Results indicate no difference between the average CNV amplitude of 2 groups of quick or slow reactors. Different effects of the feedback conditions on the amplitude ! of the CNV were found for the varying lengths of the preparatory interval. Also the length of the preparatory interval influenced the contour of the CNV.66750120519841984Mechanism of neuroadenolysis of the pituitary for cancer pain control31484747397110uva/uba/fmg/psychuva/uba/amc122980Trouwborst ;;A.;;Yanagida;;H.;;Erdmann;;W.;;1001525;1;01;94004000;;;01;01;01-02-1987Studied whether neuronal activity of the pituitary gland, as related to the primary somatosensory cortex, may be involved in the pain perception pathway influenced by neuroadenolysis of the pituitary. EEG and tooth-pulp EPs (TPEPs) were examined in 3 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Findings indicate that an increase of TPEPs (hyperactivity) in the pituitary gland was produced after alcohol injection into the sella turcica, leading to a decrease of pain response in the sensory cortex (decrease of TPEPs). This wound effect may have been influenced by endorphins, because naloxone injection reversed the changes in TPEPs in both places66760420519941994De macht der dingen : medische technologie in cultureel perspectief263uva/uba/fmg/aissrAmsterdamHet Spinhuis90-5589-003-0Health, culture and society1477251000891;2;01;93003000;;;02;01;01-08-19751001083;1;01;93002000;;;02;01;01-09-1964Nijhof;;G.;;Verbeek-Heida;;P.;;66770320520032003Associative repetition priming: A selective review and theoretical implications.261283uva/uba/fmg/psychLondonOxford University PressRethinking implicit memory.106745Zeelenberg;;R.;;Pecher;;D.;;1002311;1;01;94004000;;;01;01;01-09-1992Marsolek;;J.S.;Chad;;J.;(from the chapter) This first part of this chapter reviews existing literature on associative repetition priming. Contrary to what is argued by most researchers, the authors argue that there is convincing evidence to support the notion that automatic associative repetition priming can be obtained. The second part of the chapter discusses how associative repetition priming can be used as a tool to provide some new insights into some theoretical issues.66780220519841984Psychologie van het geheugen.uva/uba/fmg/psychDeventerVan Loghum Slaterus.1478831002311;1;01;94004000;;;01;01;01-09-199266790120519991999Sense and sensitivity in pooled analysis of political data25190735229225253uva/uba/fmg/aissr1176041059501;1;01;25002100;;;01;01;01-09-2003In recent years, pooled time-series cross-section data analysis has been advocated as a method for overcoming the small N, many variables problem in comparative political economy in order to derive valid inferences from statistical comparisons of nation states. Moreover, the approach seemed promising in handling both comparisons among different countries and developments over time. However, due to the complex structure of pooled data sets, this approach cannot simply be regarded as a convenient way of increasing the number of cases and getting more significant results. This paper exemplifies the fallacies of pooled data sets by reanalyzing a study done by Paul Boreham and Hugh Compston on the effect of labour participation in policy formation on unemployment. Reanalysis of their data set controlling for the panel structure of the data by using panel corrected standard errors and a more detailed analysis of the bivariate relationships show that the causal effect is less clear-cut than suggested and becomes considerably weaker during the 1980s. These dynamics are simply averaged out by pooled analysis. This leads to the conclusion that the currently most popular approach to pooled time-series cross-section analysis in comparative political economy - the constant-coefficients model - neither solves the small-N problem nor draws attention to dynamics over time. 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By using an interactive model specification, we show that there is empirical evidence for this conditional effect, albeit it is not thoroughly convincing. In total, the evidence first suggests that the effect of politics on social expenditure is rather limited, and, second, tends to support the 'growth-to-limits' and the 'new politics' perspectives more.66810320519871987Obsessive-compulsive disorder310331uva/uba/fmg/psychNew York, NYGuilford Press0898626935Anxiety and stress disorders: Cognitive-behavioral assessment and treatment1355261010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Michelson;;L.;Ascher;;L.M.;66820320519871987Recent developments in the treatment of phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders161171uva/uba/fmg/psychLouvain-la-NeuvePresses Universitaires de Louvain2872000054Progress in psychotherapy research1470001010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Huber;;W.;66830120519871987The Rational Behavior Inventory (RBI): A psychometric evaluation2553728561569uva/uba/fmg/psych135535Sanderman;;R.;;Mersch;;P.P.;;Sleen;van der;J.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Ormel;;J.;;66840120519871987Nachtmerries en nightterrors2903907277uva/uba/fmg/psych147002Linden van den Heuvell;van;G.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-199666850120519851985Nuclear energy, beliefs, values and acceptabilityInterdisciplinary Science Reviews10147150uva/uba/fmg/psych1168701002239;1;01;94003500;;;01;01;01-12-1986Eiser;;J.R.;;66860120520032003The relationship between corporate identity structures and communication structures2737217312197208uva/uba/fmg/ascor118023Korver;;F.;;1055855;1;01;25002400;;;01;01;01-04-2003Organisations differ in the ways that they organise their communication disciplines. Contemporary literature features contributions from a number of noted authors, all focusing on the centralisation of communication. Scant attention, however, is paid to factors that are potentially capable of identifying the differences to be found in practice. This paper describes the results of a qualitative research project involving 16 major companies in the Netherlands. This project was initiated by Bennis Porter Novelli and designed to investigate the influence of corporate identity structure on the organisation's communication structure. The research clearly shows that organisations with monolithic, branded and endorsed identity structures differ in the way they structure and coordinate their external communication disciplines.66870120520022002Effectiviteit van psychotherapeutische behandeling bij plegers van seksueel geweld29089632134145uva/uba/fmg/psych1225931010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Emmelkamp;;J.;;1002445;1;02;94002000;;;08;01;01-04-1992Vogel;de;V.;;66880320520022002Obsessive-compulsive disorder167184uva/uba/fmg/psychMahwahLawrence Erlbaum0805834915Diagnosis, conceptualization, and treatment planning for adults : a step-by-step guide1475221010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Oppen;van;P.;;Hersen;;M.;Krug Porzelius;;L.;66890320520022002Cognitive changes in patients with obsessive-compulsive rituals treated with exposure in vivo and response prevention391401uva/uba/fmg/psychAmsterdamPergamon008043410XCognitive approaches to obsessions and compulsions: Theory, assessment, and treatment1475231010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Oppen;van;P.;;Balkom;van;A.;;Frost;;R.O.;Steketee;;G.;66900120519981998The CFSS-DS: A factor analytic study in the Netherlands.2500557730753075uva/uba/fmg/psych115205Berge;ten ;M.;;Veerkamp;;J.;;1001227;1;01;94003000;;;02;01;01-04-19691002296;1;01;94002000;;;02;01;01-10-197666910420519981998Methoden en technieken van gedragstherapie bij kinderen en jeugdigen.uva/uba/fmg/psychHoutenBohn Stafleu Van Loghum90-313-2076-51152041002296;1;01;94002000;;;02;01;01-10-1976Bosch;;J.D.;;66920120519981998Entitlements to natural resources293655102201202uva/uba/fmg/aissr1470651000650;1;01;97002000;;;02;01;01-05-1976Buch-Hansen;;M.;;66930820519911991Zimbabwe : Christian Careuva/uba/fmg/aissrUtrechtLibertasVeldonderzoek : impactstudie medefinancieringsprogramma147102Andel;van;A.;;1000650;1;01;97002000;;;02;01;01-05-1976Moyo;;S.;;66940820519911991Zimbabwe : Glen Forest Training Centreuva/uba/fmg/aissrUtrechtLibertasVeldonderzoek : impactstudie medefinancieringsprogramma1471031000650;1;01;97002000;;;02;01;01-05-1976Andel;van;A.;;Matsvai;;S.;;66950320519931993De dwangstoornis124uva/uba/fmg/psychHoutenBohn, Stafleu & Van Loghum9065025561Handboek Klinische Psychologie147390Oppen;van;P.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Everaerd;;W.T.A.M;et al.;;;66960120519951995HIV/AIDS: A challenge for clinical psychology2556492199202uva/uba/fmg/psych147391Antoni;;M.H.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-199666970820519981998Evaluation of Local government aministration in Ghana: from colonial root to presentauva/uba/fmg/aissr1473421002267;1;01;25002500;25000700;;03;01;01-09-1989Obirih-Opareh;;N.;;Razin;;E.;;66980120519951995Implementatie van preventieprogramma's: de hudige stand van zaken1108944122130uva/uba/fmg/psych129558Jong;de;G.M.D.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-199666990120519921992Small-scale economic activity and town planning in Kassala118125145374uva/uba/fmg/aissr1473031002267;1;01;25002500;25000700;;03;01;01-09-198967000420519891989Huisvestingsbeleid en informele bouw in de derde wereld : tussen idee en realiteit96167uva/uba/fmg/aissrAmsterdamKoninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap90-6809-106-9Nederlandse Geografische Studies1473021002267;1;01;25002500;25000700;;03;01;01-09-1989Beekman;;P.;;Lindert;van;.;;67010320520022002Spouse-aided therapy693698uva/uba/fmg/psychNew YorkAcademic Press0123430100Encyclopedia of psychotherapy, Vol. 21475251010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Vedel;;E.;;Hersen;;M.;Sledge;;W.H.;67020320520022002Aversion relief therapy139143uva/uba/fmg/psychNew YorkAcademic Press0123430100Encyclopedia of psychotherapy, Vol. 11475241010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-19961020790;1;01;94002000;;;03;01;01-10-1998Hersen;;M.;Sledge;;W.H.;67030120520042004A Study of genetic and environmental influences on maternal and paternal CBCL syndrome scores in a large sample of 3-year-old Dutch twins001583346571583uva/uba/fmg/psych147527Derks;;E.M.;;Hudziak;;J.J.;;Beijsterveldt;van;C.E.M.;;1000688;1;02;94002500;;;03;01;01-08-1992Boomsma;;D.I.;;Background. There is increasing evidence that behavioral problems are common in very young children, yet little is known about the etiology of individual differences in these problems. It is unclear to what degree environmental and genetic factors influence the development of early child psychopathology. In this paper, we focus on the following issues. Firstly, to what degree do genetic and environmental factors influence variation in behavioral problems? Secondly, to what degree are these underlying etiological factors moderated by sex and informant? We investigate these issues by analyzing Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) data on 9689 3-year-old twin pairs. Methods. Rater Bias and Psychometric Models were fitted to CBCL/2-3 data obtained from mothers and fathers to determine the genetic and environmental contributions to the five CBCL syndromes:aggressive, oppositional, overactive, withdrawn, and anxious/depressed behavior. Results. Parental ratings are influenced by aspects of the child's behavior that are experienced in the same way by both parents and by aspects of the child's behavior that are experienced uniquely by each parent. There is evidence for high genetic contributions to all CBCL syndromes. Shared and non-shared environmental influences play significant roles as well. One exception is overactive behavior, which is influenced by genetic and non-shared environmental influences only. Conclusions. Variation in behavior problems in the very young shows high heritability. Individual raters offer unique perspectives that can have an impact on estimates of problem behavior and genetic architecture. 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SAM predicted this effect in all its variations by making extensive use of interword associations in retrieval, a process that previous theorizing has dismissed. 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In a recent study, using a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, we showed an enhanced discriminability effect for high-frequency and studied low-frequency words (Wagenmakers, Zeelenberg, & Raaijmakers, 2000). These results have led to a fundamental modification of the counter model: Prior study and high frequency not only result in bias, but presumably also result in a higher rate of feature extraction (i.e., better perception). 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Finally, some suggestions for managing ADHD in the dental practice are given.67120120519911991Risicoperceptie, onrealistisch optimisme en AIDS-preventief gedragNederlands tijdschrift voor de psychologie46228237uva/uba/fmg/psych1270801002239;1;01;94003500;;;01;01;01-12-198667130120519911991AIDS-related health behavior: coping, protection motivation, and previous behavior309339145429451uva/uba/fmg/psych127069Velde;van der;F.W.;;1002239;1;01;94003500;;;01;01;01-12-198667140120519921992Risk perception and behavior: pessimism, realism, and optimism about AIDS-related health behaviorPsychology and health62338uva/uba/fmg/psych127064Velde;van der;F.;;Hooykaas;;C.;;1002239;1;01;94003500;;;01;01;01-12-198667150120519931993Het construeren van populaties bij populariteitsschattingenNederlands tijdschrift voor de psychologie48205212uva/uba/fmg/psych127063Bosveld;;W.;;1001556;1;01;25002200;25001000;;02;01;16-09-19611002239;1;01;94003500;;;01;01;01-12-198667160120519911991De functie van agorafobische klachten; enige methodologische opmerkingen29039011177182uva/uba/fmg/psych147262Arrindell;;W.A.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-199667170120519911991De therapeutische relatie: een onderzoek naar de waarde van de Therapist Client Rating Scale (TCRS) [The therapeutic relation: A study on the value of the Therapist Client Rating Scale]00173824183194uva/uba/fmg/psych131584Blaauw;;E.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-199667180120519911991Cognitive therapy with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A comparative evaluation25008629293300uva/uba/fmg/psych1315931010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Beens;;H.;;67190320519911991Ontwikkelingen in de psychologische behandeling van de dwangstoornis105116uva/uba/fmg/psychAssenVan Gorcum9023225635De metamorfose van de klinische psychologie. Nieuwe ontwikkelingen in de klinische en gezondheidspsychologie1315871010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Winnubst;;J.A.M.;et al.;;;67200120519911991Mood and memories of early parenting: Connotation of two parental rearing style questionnaires25537212551555uva/uba/fmg/psych132325Gerlsma;;C.;;Arrindell;;W.A.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-199667210320519901990Behavioral treatment for simple and social phobics4327361uva/uba/fmg/psychAmsterdamElsevier044481261xHandbook of anxietyThe treatment of anxiety1470591010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-19961021241;1;01;94002000;;;02;01;15-05-1998Noyes;;R.;Roth;;M.;Burrows;;G.D.;67220120519911991Social phobia: Individual response patterns and the long-term effects of behavioral and cognitive interventions. A follow-up study25008629357362uva/uba/fmg/psych132332Mersch;;P.P.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Lips;;C.;;67230120519911991Sociale fobie en sociale angst: etiologie en diagnostiek29039011143166uva/uba/fmg/psych1472891021241;2;01;94002000;;;02;01;15-05-19981010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-199667240120520032003Trastornos y rasgos de personalidad en una muestra de sujetos con fobia social: variables predictoras de la calidad de la relacion terapeutica28278211527537uva/uba/fmg/psych147258Velzen;van;C.J.M.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-19961021241;2;01;94002000;;;02;01;15-05-199867250120519881988Cognitive marital therapy: The process of change2932501385389uva/uba/fmg/psych1355181010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Linden van den Heuvell;van;C.;;Sanderman;;R.;;1021241;2;01;94002000;;;02;01;15-05-199867260120520042004The value of clinimetrics needs to be assessed rather than assumed28272873142144uva/uba/fmg/psych1472421010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-199667270320520042004The treatment of phobic disorders: Is exposure still the treatment of choice?220223uva/uba/fmg/psychNew YorkWileyEvidence and experience in psychiatry, Vol 7: Phobias1472431010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Maj;;M.;et al.;;;67280320520042004Onderzoek naar cognitieve gedragstherapie en psychodynamische therapie bij de ontwijkende persoonlijkheidsstoornis: De construct validiteit van de behandelingen3745uva/uba/fmg/psychAssenVan Gorcum902323992XPsychoanalytische psychotherapie vergelijkenderwijs1472441010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Grauwelman;;I.;;Rengers;;L.;;Hoenink;;W.C.B.;Rexwinkel;;M.J.;Roelofsen;;W.;67290120520042004Informant personality description of post- intimate stalker using the five factor profile28945182169178uva/uba/fmg/psych1472461020790;1;01;94002000;;;03;01;01-10-19981010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Vries;de;V.;;67300120520042004Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders29741224259281uva/uba/fmg/psych147247Krijn;;M.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Olafsson;;R.;;67310120520042004Treatment of acrophobia in virtual reality: The role of immersion and presence25008642229239uva/uba/fmg/psych147248Krijn;;M.;;1010619;1;01;94002000;;;01;01;15-09-1996Biemond;;R.;;Wilde de Ligny;de;C.;;Schuemie;;M.J.;;Mast;van der;C.A.;;In this study the effects of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) were investigated in patients with acrophobia. Feelings of presence in VRET were systematically varied by using either a head-mounted display (HMD) (low presence) or a computer automatic virtual environment (CAVE) (high presence). VRET in general was found to be more effective than no treatment. No differences were found in effectiveness between VRET using an HMD or CAVE. Results were maintained at 6 months follow-up. Results of VRET were comparable with those of exposure in vivo (Cyberpsychology and Behavior 4 (2001) 335). In treatment completers no relationship was found between presence and anxiety. Early drop-outs experienced less acrophobic complaints and psychopathology in general at pre-test. They also experienced less presence and anxiety in the virtual environment used in session one as compared to patients that completed VRET.67320120520052005De geprotocolleerde Interapy-behandeling van depressie via het internet resultaten van een gerandomiseerde trial313168252750uva/uba/fmg/psych1662431001692;1;01;94002000;;;02;01;01-01-1965Vermeulen;;H.;;Renckens;;C.H.;;Ven;van de ;J.P.;;Schrieken;;B.;;Dekker;;J.;;67330320520022002Inspiration in transformation. Beyond a 'better world'8690uva/uba/fmg/aissrAmsterdamAksant90-5260-056-2Making waves : inspiring critical and feminist research : a tribute to Joke Schrijvers147602Horst;;C.M.A.;;Lammers;;E.;67340120519991999Somalische viuchtelingen in Noordoost-Kenia293860327325330uva/uba/fmg/aissr147635Horst;;C.M.A.;;67350120520022002Counting the cost: refugees, remittances and the 'war against terrorism'314780143234uva/uba/fmg/aissr147631Horst;;C.M.A.;;Hear;van;N.;;67360820520042004Money and mobility: transnational livelihood strategies of the Somali diaspora9uva/uba/fmg/aissrGenevaGCIMGlobal Migration Perspectives Working Paper147625Horst;;C.M.A.;;67370120519961996Context effects in the measurement of optimism in probability judgment1116411580101uva/uba/fmg/psych116843Otten;;W.;;1002239;1;01;94003500;;;01;01;01-12-1986Examined the role of contextual information such as comparison standard on self-other probability judgments regarding the occurrence of negative life events, which tend to be characterized by optimism. In Study 1, 80 undergraduates (mean age 19.5 yrs) completed a questionnaire on preventive behaviors and intentions. Ss judged 10 negative events while the comparison procedure, number of categories, and order of judgment were varied. In Study 2, 488 Ss (mean age 21.3 yrs) completed 2 questionnaires on the same 10 events, with a 1-wk interval between the 2. Preceding judgment, comparison procedures and time-lag were varied. Estimation using other-as-standard led to more optimism than using self-as-standard. Comparing self to others also led to more optimism than the reverse. Results show that transient reference points may reduce the tendency to see the self as better than others."67380120519961996Anticipated affect and behavioral choice.25001818-111129uva/uba/feb/ase114962Richard;;R.;;1002239;1;01;94003500;;;01;01;01-12-1986Vries;de;N.K.;;
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| Published at | https://doi.org/10.1080/14792779843000009 |
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