Effective determination of MaaS trip modes in activity-based demand modelling

The rising Mobility as a Service (MaaS) concept integrates many new transport options for the travelling public, such as the use of public bikes and car-sharing services. As such, it offers more mobility combinations within a single journey than ever. To effectively handle the choice for such a mobility combination inside an activity-based travel demand model, we propose a travel mode structure which integrates all these new travel modes next to the conventional ones. This mode structure explicitly models the access and egress modes for each trip, since the impact of the access and egress modes can be significant. We also propose a procedure that efficiently generates all possible combinations of modes for the trips within a tour, while ignoring all infeasible ones. In doing so, we present the tools for the effective determination of MaaS trip modes in the choice component of an activity-based travel demand model.