When migrants do not speak the host country’s language but need mental health care A protocol for developing a communication intervention

Migrant clients frequently encounter communication barriers in mental healthcare, primarily driven by language differences that complicate the expression and understanding of psychological distress. Language barriers also affect mental healthcare providers (MHCPs), who often report low confidence and limited skills in navigating cross-linguistic encounters. Inadequate access to trained interpreters, uncertainty about their roles, and a lack of structured training leave MHCPs underprepared to ensure accurate communication and offer person-centred care. Strong collaboration between MHCPs, clients, and interpreters can significantly reduce communication barriers, fostering shared understanding and trust. However, existing initiatives to address language-related challenges in mental healthcare for migrants remain fragmented, lack cultural sensitivity, and are rarely designed or evaluated systematically.