Inclusion in the 21st Century An Exploration of Policy Opportunities and Challenges

Inclusion/exclusion dilemmas are high on many states’ policy agendas. Many countries struggle to formulate a diversity policy which can both satisfy their minorities and preserve their own national identity. In this article it will be argued that the framework of ‘inclusion’ is an effective way to manage diversity. The conceptual history of ‘inclusion’ and related concepts such as ‘assimilation’ and ‘integration’ will be discussed. Furthermore, some of the dilemmas surrounding inclusion policy are discussed and possible solutions are presented. It will be emphasised that, even though the article argues in favour of an ‘inclusion based’ policy framework, a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach is unwise. Considering the socio-political context is of the utmost importance when formulating an effective policy strategy.