Advanced lignin extraction technologies from diverse lignocellulosic biomass sources for modern biorefineries A review

Lignocellulosic biomass presents an untapped resource for sustainable bio-refineries. Among its components, lignin holds particular significance due to its potential applications in various industries, including bioenergy, platform chemicals, and sustainable materials. This review explores the landscape of cost-effective and cutting-edge technologies for lignin extraction from diverse second generation lignocellulosic feedstocks. Emerging technologies such as microwave-assisted extraction, ionic liquids pretreatment, and enzymatic delignification are explored for their potential in lignin extraction. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, along with their effectiveness on various lignocellulosic feedstocks. Moreover, integrated bio-refinery concepts are gaining attraction, facilitating the valorization of lignin alongside other biomass components. This review highlights the latest developments in lignin extraction technologies and their potential to revolutionize the bio-based economy by enabling the sustainable utilization of lignocellulosic biomass resources paving the way for the development of valuable bio-products from renewable resources.