Cystic echinococcosis in humans and domestic animals in central Sudan Epidemiology and molecular characterization studies

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a significant public health problem with high endemicity in east and central Africa including Sudan. Worldwide, pulmonary (pu) echinococcosis (EC) is the second to liver affection, where as in Sudan is vice versa. Ten genetic variants, or genotypes designated as (G1-G10), are distributed worldwide based on genetic diversity. (in Chapter7), we investigated molecular diversity of Echinococcus granulosus isolates collected from human clinical samples removed surgically from lung using mitochondrial gene nad1 in Sudan. It can be concluded that the pul echinococcosis in Sudan are caused by genotype 6 (G6) camel strain of E. granulosus. To improve management knowledge, attitudes and practices in human population has been conducted in quest, section III (Chapter 8). Since the level of knowledge has been found to be poor, hence is the need for the One Health approach to prevent EC. In Section IV, a cross sectional study was conducted among residents of Khartoum State in Central Sudan to determine the prevalence of CE (Chapter 9).The present investigations was conducted to improve the diagnostic potential including sequencing and phylogenetic analysis as well as LAMP and Realtime PCR .We gave an overview on the prevalent species or strains of Echinococcus granulosus in sub-Saharan Africa, treatment and preventive strategies.(Chapter 2).Part of our research was conducted in Tamboul, Central Sudan to determine the prevalence of CE genotypes and the result indicates that for the first time circulation of E. ortleppi, the cattle genotype (G5) in camel (Chapter 3) as well as G1 in Cattles (Chapter 6).