Astrocyte functions in health and disease

Astrocytes are essential for the development and function of the brain.^{56,141,188,189} These homeostatic cells are involved in processes ranging from the establishment and maintenance of neuronal synapses, regulation of synaptic transmission and blood flow, to the control of both neuroprotective and regenerative responses in the brain.^56,141 Astrocytes are in direct contact with synapses, axons, blood vessels and each other (Figure 2.1). They have a central role in many brain diseases and are a major factor in the maintenance of brain health.^138,141,186