Maximal Gap Between Local and Global Distinguishability of Bipartite Quantum States

We prove a tight and close-to-optimal lower bound on the effectiveness of local quantum measurements (without classical communication) at discriminating any two bipartite quantum states. Our result implies, for example, that any two orthogonal quantum states of a n_A × n_B bipartite quantum system can be discriminated via local measurements with an error probability no larger than 1/2(1−1_cmin{nA,nB}) , where 1 ≤ c ≤ 22–√ is a universal constant, and our bound scales provably optimally with the local dimensions n_A, n_B . Mathematically, this is achieved by showing that the distinguishability norm ∥⋅∥LO associated with local measurements satisfies that ∥⋅∥1≤2 –√2min{n_A, n_B}∥⋅∥LO , where ∥⋅∥1 is the trace norm.