Photon management and reactor engineering for photochemical synthesis and scale-up

This thesis investigates how photon management and reactor engineering can be integrated into the development and scale-up of photochemical processes. Digital twins and ray-tracing simulations are combined with experimental measurements for photonic characterization across different reactors and hydrodynamic regimes. These simulations are also used to design and optimize 3D-printed photoreactors. Moreover, kinetic measurements are used to identify process limitations and guide reactor selection and process intensification. This enables the scale-up of photochemical reactions from laboratory batch systems to continuous-flow systems. High-shear reactors are presented as a reactor type with strong potential for scaling up multiphasic photochemistry. Overall, the work shows how photonic characterization, modeling and engineering principles can support more efficient, reproducible and scalable photochemical synthesis.