Memory Detection: Past, Present and Future

The Concealed Information Test (CIT) aims to detect the recognition of concealed knowledge in an interviewee by presenting a series of multiple-choice questions while measuring several psychophysiological (e.g., skin conductance) or behavioral (i.e., reaction times [RTs]) responses. When a suspect consistently shows distinct responses to the critical (e.g., crime-related) items compared to the neutral control items, knowledge is inferred. This chapter provides an overview of memory detection using various response measures, including research findings and the underlying mechanisms. Although available data confirm the validity of the CIT, there is quite a gap between these laboratory studies and realistic criminal investigations. Possible ways to tackle challenges that lie ahead, including field validity, leakage of critical information to innocent suspects, and discovering intentions, are discussed.