Dynamic fluorescence-guided surgery The road towards defining green

This thesis addresses a number of applications of dynamic fluorescence-guided surgery. Dynamics of fluorescent agents were investigated, including an activatable fluorescent agent to detect close resection margins during oral cancer surgery, elimination by the kidneys, and tissue perfusion, also known as fluorescence angiography (FA). For FA, the aim was to evaluate time to fluorescence as a quantitative parameter to derive a threshold for patient outcomes. By adding time to FA, a continuous value provided additional information to the static fluorescence image, and allowed for quantification of perfusion in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.