PFAS from source to tap Analyzing PFAS in the drinking water cycle and ensuring safe consumption

Ensuring safe and clean drinking water is vital for public health, yet it is increasingly threatened by pollutants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are synthetic chemicals widely used in consumer products and industrial processes, known for their persistence and potential health impacts. This dissertation addresses the urgent need to understand and mitigate PFAS contamination in drinking water.
The research is structured around four key objectives:
1. Developing advanced analytical techniques for sensitive detection of a wide range of PFAS, including trace levels in drinking water (Chapter 2).
2. Investigating the presence and distribution of PFAS across water sources, highlighting concerns about ultra-short-chain PFAS like trifluoroacetic acid in groundwater (Chapter 2).
3. Assessing the impact of historical PFAS contamination from sources like firefighting areas and landfills on drinking water safety, and emphasizing the need for proactive measures, such as soil remediation, to protect water sources (Chapter 3).
4. Evaluating the efficiency of PFAS removal technologies, with a focus on the limited performance of granular activated carbon (GAC) and potential issues with PFAS leaching during reverse osmosis (RO) treatment (Chapters 4-5).
The findings underscore the complexity of PFAS contamination and the critical need for effective, sustainable treatment strategies. This research provides valuable insights into PFAS risks, informs policy decisions, and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches to safeguard drinking water quality for future generations.