Integrating reproduction and energy metabolism A round way trip via RF-amide peptides

Reproduction is a process that requires a tight and appropriate metabolic status to ensure the correct development and survival of the offspring. In nature, animals match and anticipate the environmental conditions with their energy supplies and the timing of gestation and delivery. We now know that the control of reproduction, food intake and body weight is centrally located in the hypothalamus. Two specific populations of RF-amide peptide-producing neurons, Kisspeptin and RFRP-3, are upstream to the control of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis. In the last 16 years, these RF-amides have also been implicated in the control of food intake and body weight regulation. We studied the effects of these two peptides on energy metabolism in two animal models: the seasonal reproductive Djungarian hamster and the Wistar rat. Overall, we found clear effects of the RF-amides in the central nervous system on energy metabolism in both species. Djungarian hamsters showed changes in food intake and body weight, mainly in the adipose tissue, whereas the Wistar rats changed their food intake, lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In addition, we showed that the hypothalamic expression of both RF-amides is also influenced by cold environment in rats and that metabolic seasonal adaptations are dampened by an obesogenic diet in the hamsters. With this thesis we confirm that kisspeptin and RFRP-3, originally described for their implication in the control of reproduction, are also involved in the central regulation of energy metabolism, which reinforces our hypothesis that these peptides play a role in the central coordination of reproductive and metabolic functions.