Efficient Abstraction Selection in Reinforcement Learning

This article addresses reinforcement learning problems based on factored Markov decision processes (MDPs) in which the agent must choose among a set of candidate abstractions, each build up from a different combination of state components. We present and evaluate a new approach that can perform effective abstraction selection that is more resource-efficient and/or more general than existing approaches. The core of the approach is to make selection of an abstraction part of the learning agent's decision-making process by augmenting the agent's action space with internal actions that select the abstraction it uses. We prove that under certain conditions this approach results in a derived MDP whose solution yields both the optimal abstraction for the original MDP and the optimal policy under that abstraction. We examine our approach in three domains of increasing complexity: contextual bandit problems, episodic MDPs, and general MDPs with context-specific structure.