In defence of gender equality? Comparing the political debates about headscarves and honour-related crimes in France and the Netherlands

In this paper, we analyze political debates about headscarves and honour-related crimes in France and the Netherlands. We seek to explain why and how France and the Netherlands have come to unevenly politicize headscarves and honour crimes. Moreover, we try to understand how the argument of gender equality is increasingly used by different actors in these policy debates and the gendered implications thereof. We argue that the agenda and demands of (ethnic minority) women′s organizations are selectively included and bent to serve other, non-feminist agendas. Ethnic minority women′s organizations and female ethnic minority politicians have acted as agenda-setters, asking attention for their marginalized position, discrimination against them and experiences of violence, yet these issues were co-opted by (mainly) right-wing politicians to problematize the "deviant" culture of minorities and propose policies that further exclude them and paternalize them instead of improving their situation.