The perceived interactivity of top global brand websites and its determinants

Recent reviews of the online advertising literature revealed that interactivity was one of the key topics in that field (Ha 2008; Kim and McMillan, 2008). Three main streams of research can be distinguished in the website interactivity literature. First, several researchers have written about the definition and conceptualization of interactivity (e.g., Liu and Shrum 2002; McMillan and Hwang 2002; Johnson, Bruner II and Kumar 2006). Second, several researchers have tried to map interactivity on websites by performing content analyses of websites (e.g. Ghose and Dou 1998; Ha and James 1998; Tse and Chan 2004; Cho and Cheon 2005; Okazaki 2005). Third, several researchers have investigated consumers’ responses to interactivity. Such studies mainly focused on the influence of interactivity on advertising effect measures like attitude toward the website, attitude toward the brand, and purchase intention (e.g., Bezjian-Avery, Calder and Iacobucci 1998; Coyle and Thorson 2001; Macias 2003; Wu 2005; Liu and Shrum 2009).