Remuneration rights and national treatment

National treatment applies to all copyright rights, unless such treatment is excluded under the Berne Convention or the TRIPS Agreement. Renumeration rights are not specific in these agreements, but flow from the rights of authors and owners. Therefore, questions arise about when national treatment applies and when it does not. This chapter analyses the types of remuneration rights in four broad categories: exceptions, rights per se, exploitation contracts and residual rights. The chapter shows the extent of national treatment obligations to these categories of rights of remuneration found in national copyright law.