Sovereignty in Cyberspace: Lessons from the Ukrainian Case

Since the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014, tension has risen between Ukraine and the Russian Feder- ation. Numerous small incidents, conflicts or intrusions in cyberspace followed, including in the prelude to the 2022 Ukraine-Russia war. Individually, none of these reached the threshold of the use of force or an armed attack. It was only after the actual invasion that the wider international community responded - unfortunately, since the internation- al community could have responded earlier when sovereignty or the principle of non-intervention was violated. What can we learn from this for future conflicts?