Precise test of lepton flavour universality in W-boson decays into muons and electrons in pp collisions at √s = 13TeV with the ATLAS detector

The ratio of branching ratios of the W boson to muons and electrons, R^u/e_W = B(W→μν)/B(W→eν), has been measured using 140 fb^-1 of pp collision data at √s = 13TeV
collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC, probing the universality of lepton couplings. The ratio is obtained from measurements of the tt^- production cross-section in the ee, eμ and μμ dilepton final states. To reduce systematic uncertainties, it is normalised by the square root of the corresponding ratio R^μμ/ee_Z for the Z boson measured in inclusive Z→ ee and Z → μμ events. By using the precise value of R^μμ/ee_Z determined from e⁺e^- colliders, the ratio R_μ/eW is determined to be

Rμ/e_W = 0.9995 ± 0.0022 (stat) ± 0.0036 ± 0.0014 (ext).

The three uncertainties correspond to data statistics, experimental systematics and the external measurement of R^μμ/ee_Z, giving a total uncertainty of 0.0045, and confirming the Standard Model assumption of lepton flavour universality in W-boson decays at the 0.5% level.