Integrating mindfulness into a routine schedule: the role of mobile-health mindfulness applications

With the increasing popularity of both mindfulness-based interventions and smartphone apps focusing on (mental) health, the question arises if mindfulness apps are a useful way of teaching mindfulness. We explore this question by reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of administering mindfulness via apps and by challenging the view that mindfulness can only be taught in face-to-face formats. Additionally, we review randomized-controlled studies which provide evidence that mindfulness apps can bring about positive effects on a range of outcomes. Because of the sparse literature on mindfulness apps—especially regarding health behaviors—we conclude by delineating some future directions for exploring the use and efficacy of mindfulness apps.