An Introduction to International Migration Studies: European Perspectives

No country in Europe is unaffected by migration, although its impact varies from place to place. Immigration is often associated with undermined social cohesion, urban crime, domestic insecurity and public health issues. Immigrants are increasingly regarded as a liability for the welfare state, for the educational system and for economic prosperity. But while Europe is preoccupied with immigration, isn’t it once again becoming a continent of emigration? Are we not already seeing the first signs of a new European exodus as a response to the economic crisis affecting Europe at all levels? What is the situation in Europe today? What theoretical perspectives are now at the fore in international debates; and what concepts and controversies have emerged? In fact, Europe needs new immigrants to contribute to economic development and to support national welfare and pension systems. This chapter’s authors consider these issues, attempting to describe, analyse, understand and explain them.