Governing Smart City IoT Interventions A Complex Adaptive Systems Perspective

Urban infrastructure systems (UIS) encompass physical infrastructure and human stakeholders, delivering essential services through distributed flow networks. These systems exhibit properties of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), such as self-organization and adaptivity, which makes them resilient to perturbations from the outside. Smart city strategies advocate for external technology interventions to improve the efficiency and sustainability of UIS. Internet of Things (IoT) is a key enabler for such strategies that helps to gather data from various infrastructure components and optimize flow networks in UIS. Although beneficial, such interventions often give rise to ethical concerns, underscoring the need for appropriate governance measures. In this study, we adopt a CAS perspective to analyse the ethical concerns of a proposed smart city IoT platform in the cities of Karnataka, India. Based on our analysis, we present a framework to aid city authorities in formulating appropriate strategies to govern Smart City IoT interventions in general.